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Posts Tagged ‘interest rate cuts’

Far From A Foregone Conclusion

October 31st, 2025 by Kurt L. Smith

Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell opened his remarks following the October 29th quarter point interest rate cut saying: “A further reduction in the policy rate at the December (10th) meeting is not a foregone conclusion, far from it.” I am not a Fed watcher, but I applaud a statement that at least appears to be forceful.

Mr. Powell may be frustrated in my opinion. The Federal Reserve has cut the target interest rate 150 basis points, from 5.50% in September 2024 to this week’s 4%. What does the Federal Reserve have to show for it? When your mandate is to keep inflation low and employment high, I think the Federal Reserve should be frustrated, particularly when your declared inflation goal is 2% and we have not sniffed that level in years.

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Come On In

December 6th, 2024 by Kurt L. Smith

One of the sales pitches for buying bonds (albeit an effective one) these past few years has been to buy bonds because now they earn you something. But while everyone knows 3% or 4% is greater than 1% or 2%, it is hardly a reason to do something silly.

The fact that interest rates were once near zero and now they are not should give you pause. Higher interest rates are not a recipe for bond investment performance. It was the trend toward lower interest rates over three decades that provided the wind in the bond bull market’s sails. With the new trend of higher interest rates, bond investors face headwinds that crimp performance.

Taking a longer-term perspective may help. The “higher” interest rates we now have are like where they were ten years ago. We buy a number of bonds issued ten or so years ago, so I am reminded daily. It also explains why the Bloomberg Municipal Bond Total Return Index for the past ten years is 2.73%. On December 2, 2014, the Index stood at 1064 and last week on November 29, 2024, it was 1355 (all prices and yields per Bloomberg). This Index covers the long-term tax-exempt bond market across four main sectors: state and local general obligation bonds, revenue bonds, insured bonds and prerefunded bonds.

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Bonds Reverse on News

October 28th, 2024 by Kurt L. Smith

The Federal Reserve’s September 18th rate cut was the news. This move followed excitement for the cut as three-month treasury bill yields moved from about 5.40% in July to 4.75% on the 18th. Six-month treasury bills moved from 5.30% to about 4.50% in the same time frame (all yields and prices per Bloomberg). The Fed merely followed the markets, as expected.

While the short-term interest rates have largely held in since the cut, longer term bonds have tanked. Sell on the news indeed! Our bellwether poster child, the US treasury bond 1.25% of May 15, 2050, sold at just over 56 on September 17th and below 50 today, October 25th. This is essentially the same level the bond traded at on October 24th, 2022.

It is difficult to make money in a bear market. The first step needed is to recognize that this is the trend. We reached this point years ago, back in 2020 when the bellwether sold at twice its current price, near par. Most investors have failed to recognize this first step. They have done what most investors have done: they held and/or doubled down. Unfortunately, with respect to bonds, they have not held bonds which have treated them well.

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Is This It?

September 25th, 2024 by Kurt L. Smith

For about eleven months now, bonds have traded higher in price and lower in yield in the most recent correction of the nascent bond bear market. From near 0% interest rates in 2020 to over 5% in 2023 in longer US treasury notes (below 0% to 5.50% for treasury bills), corrections are natural movements in how trends are developed.

While bond prices have rallied, we have also seen stocks hitting new highs as well. Even the Federal Reserve jumped on the bandwagon cutting rates this week to fulfill the promise made last month.

Yet for so much time, for so much work, the rebound in bonds looks pathetic. Most, if not all, of the rally occurred in the final nine weeks of last year. Our favorite long treasury bond, the 1.25% of May 15, 2050, traded at 43.25 on October 20th, 2023, and just over 55 on December 28th, weeks later. That’s a nice 27% gain for prescient traders, but a far cry from the 102 on August 6th, 2020 (all prices and yields per Bloomberg). This is what a bond bear market looks like.

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Everyone (It Seems) Loves Municipals

May 29th, 2024 by Kurt L. Smith

After many months of expensive pricing relative to treasuries, municipal bond prices began to capitulate this week. Together with treasury price weakness, longer term municipal bond prices are breaking down with yields jumping upwards.

Last month we discussed that the bond market correction was hanging on by a thread. By mid-month it appeared the correction phase was intact as ten-year treasury yields moved from 4.73% on April 25th to 4.31% on May 16th (all prices and yields per Bloomberg). The spirited move saw some sympathy with two-year treasury notes (from 5% down to 4.70%), but just a few days later the two-year note is back to 4.95% on May 24th.

Remember, it is the shorter-term treasury yields that shape Federal Reserve policy, not the other way around. With short-term treasury bills and two-year notes at or near their highest yields for the year, this trend is not encouraging.

If there is such a thing in the bond market as everyone on one side of the boat, it is the duration trade. With yields on bonds at levels investors have not seen in years it seemed to make sense to buy some longer bonds to take advantage when the Federal Reserve lowers interest rates again. This could help explain bond prices rallying nicely in last year’s fourth quarter. Municipal bonds were trading about 75% of treasuries (ten-year maturity basis) to begin the move in October and later hit a record low of 57% in March, further amplifying municipal bonds bounce up in prices.

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